A Financial Plan for Startups Begins with a Personal Financial Assessment – Article #6

As an entrepreneur, you have a BIG IDEA and you’re ready to “charge hell with a water pistol.” You have a product or service, you see an immediate need, and you don’t want to waste a second to meet it. That’s who you are as an entrepreneur. But it’s not time to start the battle just yet. It is senseless to brandish water pistols if you don’t have a reservoir of water to refill them. You need to build and fill a financial reservoir in your personal life so that you have enough to sustain your business life. Therefore, I invite you to sit down on a cushy couch and listen to my “Grandma’s Wisdom.” I’m going to help you prepare your personal financial assessment as the first step in building a financial plan for your startup. So let’s get started crunching the numbers and see how they affect the financial plans for your startup.

How to Do A Personal Financial Assessment

As you prepare to begin a business, you need to update your personal financial statement. Essentially, you want to make a list of everything you own and everything you owe. In financial terms, you’re recording your “assets” and your “liabilities” to determine your personal net worth.

List Your Assets

Typically, if you’re filling out a financial statement for a lending institution, you’ll record your assets on the left side of a ledger. Here is where you want to list the cash you have in the bank and any savings you have in retirement accounts. You’ll list the value of any vehicles you own, real estate you own, or collectibles that you own. If you already own a business and are starting another business, list the business interest you own. You might even list some monies that people owe you on this list of assets.

Sounds easy, right? Well, recording your assets can get a bit tricky. Many of the things you buy and think are assets have no actual value. For instance, if you purchase a brand new 60″ TV for $500, chances are you won’t get anywhere near that amount for the TV once you use it. Similar depreciation (loss of value) happens when you buy vehicles, boats, smartphones, drones, machines, or equipment.

Therefore, when you’re completing your personal financial statement, you don’t want to over-value your assets. If you’re dealing with a bank, the underwriter’s going to know you can’t sell a used 60″ TV for $500. If you sell it at a pawn shop, you might get $100. Thus, the loan underwriter will discount the value of your assets if you have not.

However, a bank underwriter cannot discount the value of your cash accounts or retirement accounts. If you have $1000 in checking or $100 in checking, that’s the actual value of that asset. Additionally, if you have a home that has equity in it, the bank can determine it’s value based on the value of/sales prices of comparable houses around yours.

List Your Liabilities

After you list your assets, list your liabilities. The right-hand column of the ledger will hold information about any money you owe others – your debt. You’ll want to record your secured debts, or debts backed by some form of collateral like home loans, vehicle loans, boat loans, business loans, equipment loans, etc. Then, you’ll want to record your unsecured debts, or debts unprotected by collateral. These could include credit card debts, student loans, personal lines of credit, etc.

Each secured debt will correspond to an asset on the left-hand side of the ledger. For instance, if you’ve listed the current market value of your real estate holdings on the left, you’ll list the current amount of your mortgages on the right. Similarly, if you’ve recorded your vehicle’s value on the left, you’ll record any loans against the vehicle on the right.

Your Personal Financial Assessment Directly Affects The Business’s Financial Plan

Once you’ve listed all your current assets and liabilities, you can determine your net worth by subtracting your liabilities from your assets. Obviously, your goal is to own more than you owe, especially if you are asking a lending institution for money. However, you can also use the information on your personal financial report to determine your readiness to begin a business.

Look specifically to answer the following questions:

#1 – Do you have enough cash set aside for emergencies?

Usually, I suggest that individuals who work for companies set back 3 to 6 months worth of income in a cash account. That way, if an emergency happens, you can get to it quickly. But if you’re looking to start your own company, you might have to support yourself for a longer period of time than most. If you’ve developed your business plan and realize that you may not have an income for 1 to 2 years, you need to set aside enough cash to cover 1 to 2 years of personal expenses. Do you have that much cash on hand?

#2 – Do you have proper insurance in place?

In order to secure a loan from a bank or to guarantee your family is not left destitute if you die or become disabled, you need to take out proper insurance policies that allow you to keep your assets and pay for your liabilities.

Life

First, you want to make sure you have a life insurance policy large enough to replace the monthly income you bring home and/or to cover your family’s current and future debts. Can your spouse live comfortably on the amount you leave behind, and can the policy pay off your mortgage and cover your kids’ college educations? Furthermore, does the term last at least 20 years for you to get through the start-up and growth phases of your business?

Disability

Next, do you have the right amount of disability insurance in place? Typically, financial advisors recommend that you take out enough to cover roughly 60% of your current income. Let’s say that you are making $50,000 a year before you leave your current job to start a business. That means you could probably get $30,000 a year in coverage, or $2800 per month in disability benefits if you can’t work.

Health

Finally, make sure you have the proper health insurance in place.  I don’t care if you use COBRA plans, individual policies, state plans, or MediShare style policies. Just make sure you have some type of basic health insurance coverage. You don’t want to liquidate your assets to pay for one hospital stay.

#3 – Do you have your basic legal documents in place?

Having insurance in place can only protect your spouse, your family, and your assets to a certain degree. You also need to have basic legal documents in place. That way, if something happens to you, you have already dictated what you want to happen with your assets and liabilities. I understand that attorney fees can get pricey, but you can’t put a value on peace of mind. Before you start your business, you want to sign and guarantee a Living Will, a Last Will and Testament, a financial Power of Attorney, and a durable Power of Attorney.

#4 – Do you need to eliminate any unsecured debts?

When you recorded your liabilities, you listed secured and unsecured debts. If it’s a secure debt, you’ll see an asset on the left tied to a liability on the right. These are usually your mortgages, your car loans, your boat loans, your tractor loans, etc. As long as your asset is worth more than the debt you owe on it, you can continue to make timely payments on that debt without worry. If worse comes to worse, you could sell the asset to pay off the entirety of the debt.

However, unsecured debts have no corresponding assets to sell if you can’t pay the loan. These are your credit cards, your student loans, and your personal loans. As you prepare to start a business, these are the loans you might want to look at paying off or reducing. Obviously, if you have $200,000 of school loan debt from an advanced degree you earned, you probably aren’t going to pay off that debt before you begin a business. Ideally, your advanced degree will give you the opportunity to make a lot of money in your business, and you can use the money you make to pay for that school loan. Yet, if you owe $5,000 or $10,000 for school loans, maybe you work on paying those off before you start your business.

Likewise, maybe you attempt to pay off your unsecured credit card debts or personal lines of credit before you begin your business. Investors looking at your financial statement want to see you with a low debt-to-income ratio. The more debt you have overall, the more distorted your ratio becomes. If you have assets to offset your secured liabilities, then you’ll want to reduce your unsecured liabilities first. Investors want to see that you have enough income to cover your current liabilities AND ones you may incur within your start-up business. Therefore, start paying off the liabilities that have no corresponding assets.

What Do Personal Finances Have to Do with Financial Plans for Startups?

Folks, almost everyone has debt. Not everyone has assets. Banks and investors want to see if you own more than owe. And honestly, you’ll want your net worth in the black before you start a business, too.

Bankers look at these facts and figures for good reason. So do yourself a favor and look at the same things they do. Make sure you have enough money to pay your personal expenses if your start-up business cannot. Set aside an emergency fund. Protect yourself in cases of disasters, disability, or death. Then, pay down or pay off as much unsecured debt as you can. You don’t want to start a business without enough cash to sustain it.

Next Step

In the next article, we’ll take a look at your personal income and expenses. Assets and liabilities are one thing, income and expenses are another. In the meantime, remember that life is good. Life is hard. Business is exciting. Analyzing a personal financial statement to determine your readiness to start a business can be daunting. But it doesn’t have to be. Let’s continue to make our lives, at least, financially simple.